Publication Ethics

PADiR Journal and its editorial team are committed to following the policies of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).

Duties and Responsibilities of Editors

• The Editorial Board is responsible for approving the publication of manuscripts submitted to PADiR Journal.
• The Editorial Board is responsible for evaluating the validity of research considered for publication.
• The Editor-in-Chief and members of the Editorial Board must maintain the confidentiality of all information related to submitted manuscripts and the peer-review process until the work is published.
• The Editor-in-Chief and members of the Editorial Board must disclose and avoid any conflicts of interest.
• The Editorial Board should guide reviewers to avoid misconduct and ethical issues in submitted manuscripts.
• Reviewers should notify the Editorial Board of plagiarism and duplicate submissions/publications.
• All reviewer comments must be forwarded to the author by the Editorial Board, except comments containing abuse, slander, or defamation.
• The Editorial Board should take all necessary precautions to ensure that all manuscripts meet the standards of published content, while recognizing that some sections may have different criteria and purposes.
• The Editorial Board and the Editor-in-Chief have the final decision regarding the publication of submitted manuscripts.

Duties and Responsibilities of Reviewers

• Reviewers may assist the Editorial Board in making decisions regarding submitted manuscripts.
• Reviewers must conduct the review process constructively; their comments and suggestions should be based on sound professional reasoning. Personal criticism is unacceptable and must be avoided.
• Reviewers are encouraged to recommend alternative reviewers if they are unable, for any reason, to review the manuscript.
• Reviewers are required to maintain the confidentiality and non-disclosure of submitted manuscripts.
• Reviewers are required to act fairly and impartially, without favoritism or prejudice toward manuscripts.
• Reviewers should notify the Editorial Board if the author does not comply with the journal’s publication requirements.
• Reviewers must inform the Editorial Board of any unethical conduct related to the submitted manuscript.
• Reviewers must avoid using the research ideas or methods contained in manuscripts they have reviewed for personal benefit.
• Reviewers should disclose any potential conflict of interest that may prevent an unbiased review.
• Reviewers are required to inform the Editorial Board of any substantial relationship or significant overlap between the manuscript under review and any published work known to the reviewer.

Duties and Responsibilities of Authors

• Authors must submit only entirely original work and must appropriately cite or quote the work and/or words of others. Publications that have influenced the nature of the reported work must also be cited.
• Manuscripts must be submitted in English only and must be written using proper grammar and accurate terminology.
• Manuscripts must be submitted with confirmation that they have not been published elsewhere and are not currently under consideration by another journal or publisher.
• The corresponding author ensures that all contributing co-authors are included and that no unrelated persons are listed as authors. The corresponding author is also responsible for ensuring that all co-authors approve the publication of the manuscript.
• Authors are responsible for ensuring that manuscripts originating from a particular institution are submitted with the necessary approval of that institution.
• As a condition of submission, authors allow the paper to be edited to improve readability.
• Authors are required to identify the source of financial support for conducting the research and/or preparing the manuscript and briefly explain the role of the funder/sponsor in any part of the work.
• All authors should include a statement disclosing any financial or other substantial conflicts that may be perceived to influence the results or interpretation of the manuscript.
• All authors agree to allow the corresponding author to communicate with the editorial office regarding the edited manuscript and proofs.
• All authors must be aware that manuscripts submitted to, under review by, or published in PADiR Journal are subject to screening using plagiarism detection software. Plagiarism is a serious violation of publication ethics.
• Authors of original research reports must provide an accurate account of the work performed, along with an objective discussion of its significance.
• Underlying data must be represented accurately in the paper. The paper must contain sufficient details and references to enable others to reproduce the work. Fraudulent or knowingly inaccurate statements constitute unethical and unacceptable behavior.
• By submitting the manuscript, the author(s) retain the rights to the published material. In the event of publication, they permit the use of their work under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which allows others to copy, distribute, transmit, adapt, and make commercial use of the work.
• Authors may be required to provide the raw data of the study with the paper for editorial review and should be prepared to make the data publicly available whenever practically possible. In all cases, authors should ensure that qualified professionals can access such data for at least ten years after publication, preferably through an institutional or subject-based data repository or another data center, provided that participant confidentiality is protected and legal rights concerning proprietary data do not prevent disclosure.
• When an author discovers a significant error or inaccuracy in their published work, the author must immediately notify the journal editor or publisher to retract or correct the manuscript.
• In the event of an authorship dispute during peer review or after acceptance and publication, the journal will not be in a position to investigate or adjudicate the matter. Authors will be required to resolve the dispute themselves. If they are unable to do so, the journal reserves the right to withdraw the manuscript from the editorial process or, if the paper has already been published, to raise the matter with the authors’ institution(s) and follow their guidance.
• To maintain the peer-review system, authors are expected to participate in the review process by evaluating manuscripts submitted by others.
• The journal reserves the right to reject a paper even after acceptance if serious issues are identified in its scientific content or if the journal’s publication policies have been violated.
• Articles may only be withdrawn before acceptance, except in cases involving errors or accidental duplicate submission.
• Articles may sometimes constitute violations of professional ethical codes, such as multiple submission, false claims of authorship, plagiarism, fraudulent use of data, or similar misconduct.
• Articles containing errors, duplicate content, substantial similarity to other published articles, or violations of publication ethics guidelines may be withdrawn.
• For studies involving human participants, informed consent must be obtained from all research participants before conducting the experiments.
• Ethical approval must be obtained before conducting all studies involving humans and animals. All experiments must be conducted in accordance with relevant institutional and national guidelines and regulations.
• All authors must ensure that the final checklist has been read by all authors before submission to PADiR Journal.

Duties and Responsibilities of Publishers

• The journal is committed to ensuring that the decisions of the Editorial Board are final regarding submitted manuscripts.
• The journal ensures that Editorial Board decisions are independent of financial interests and are made solely on the basis of scholarly evaluation.
• The journal ensures the integrity of the scientific and academic record.
• The journal ensures the monitoring of ethical conduct by all members of the Editorial Board, reviewers, authors, and readers.
• The journal has a zero-tolerance policy toward plagiarism and/or data falsification and will investigate all submissions in advance.
• The journal is prepared to issue corrections, notices, and retractions in support of transparency in open access within the field.

Publication Ethics Violations

Plagiarism: Plagiarism refers to deliberately appropriating another person’s ideas or original work and presenting them as one’s own. If even one sentence from another person’s manuscript, or even one sentence from the author’s previously published article, is copied without proper citation, PADiR Journal will consider this plagiarism. All manuscripts under review or published in PADiR Journal are screened using plagiarism detection software. Plagiarism is therefore a clear violation of publication ethics.

Data Fabrication and Falsification: This refers to cases in which an author has not conducted the work but has fabricated data and results and then submitted or published such fabricated information. Falsification means altering or omitting results from what was actually discovered.

Simultaneous Submission: This occurs when a manuscript, or major sections of it, is submitted to a journal while it is still under review by another journal.

Duplicate Publication: This occurs when two or more articles with similar content are published without adequate cross-referencing.

Redundant or Salami Publication: This refers to dividing the results of a study into several articles merely to increase academic output.

Inappropriate Authorship Contribution or Misattribution: All listed authors must have made a substantial contribution to the work and approved all claims. Contributions by students, technicians, and others must also be acknowledged.

Citation Manipulation: This includes excessive irrelevant citations used solely to increase citation counts for authors or journals and is considered scientific misconduct.

Sanctions: Any known ethical violation will be handled in accordance with COPE guidelines to protect the academic integrity of the journal.

Handling Cases of Misconduct

• The section editor must notify the editor and the editorial office and provide a draft letter and evidence to the corresponding author requesting clarification.
• If the clarification is unsatisfactory and the unethical conduct appears evident, the editorial office will refer the case to the Editorial Board for a final decision.
• For less serious violations, a letter of reprimand may be sent with a reminder of the journal’s ethical policies.
• If the article has been published, the author may be required to publish a formal apology in the journal.
• The corresponding author will be notified of the actions taken. All current and future submissions from the responsible author may be rejected.
• The responsible author will be prohibited from membership on the Editorial Board and from peer-review duties. Additional actions may be taken when necessary.
• In severe cases, the author’s institution may be notified, and long-term submission privileges may be withdrawn.
• If fraud results in retraction, a retraction notice will be published and linked to the online article. The article will be marked as “retracted” with the date of retraction.